职称英语考试补全短文习题四

Leukemia

 Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood 和 blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow. _____(1)_____
 A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don’t work the way they’re supposed to. _____(2)_____ The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control, filling the bone marrow 和 making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cells—such as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the body’s tissues) 和 platelets (that allow blood to clot) –are also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply 和 build up.
 Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, 和 kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs. _____(3)_____ Chemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.
 Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too. _____(4)_____
 If the cancer isn’t getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy 和 radiation, then a kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment—with higher doses of chemotherapy 和 radiation finally kill the cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid’s bone marrow too, 和 the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid—or anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working —— normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy. _____(5)_____

A The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid’s upper chest.
B Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases.
C This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, 和 it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.
D Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.
E They don’t protect the person from infections very well.
F Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.

What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?

 When you eat, your body, takes the sugar from food 和 turns it into fuel. _____(1)_____ Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can’t be used by the body on its own—it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
 Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; 和 the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it’s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lost of food 和 getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. _____(2)_____
You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your gr和parents’ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes.__________(3)_____
 When a kid diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It won’t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
 Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. _____(4)_____ Many scientists believe that along with having certain gees, something else outside the person’s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
 But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with—this means you can’t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. 和 this type of diabetes isn’t caused by eating too many sugary foods, eight. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person’s body —sometimes months or year. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. _____(5)_____

A Genes are something that you inherit form your parents, 和 they are in your body even before you’re born.
B This sugar-fuel is called glucose.
C It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
D You can’t catch diabetes from people who have it, no mater how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
E The glucose can’t get into the cells of the body without insulin.
F When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person’s body needs more than the pancreas can make.